Expert Guide: Why Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed Meets EETA Standards for Safe Detox
Kontsulta orain!
What Is Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed?
Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed is a state-of-the-art medical device designed for safe, efficient colon cleansing and detoxification. As a leader in high-tech medical equipment, we integrate advanced engineering with clinical expertise to deliver a system trusted by healthcare professionals worldwide. Our product complies with international medical standards and is part of our broader portfolio in gastroenterology and rehabilitation devices, reflecting our 15+ years of innovation in the health sector.
How Does Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed Work?
Our hydrotherapy bed operates through a closed-loop system that ensures hygiene and precision:
- Water Filtration: A dual-stage filter removes impurities, chlorine, and pathogens from the water supply.
- Temperature & Pressure Control: Adjustable settings (34°C–40°C, 0–15 psi) allow practitioners to tailor sessions to individual needs.
- Waste Evacuation: A disposable speculum and medical-grade tubing ensure safe waste removal without cross-contamination.
- Real-Time Monitoring: Built-in sensors track pressure and flow rates, automatically adjusting to maintain comfort and safety.
This process supports detoxification, relieves constipation, and promotes gut health, all while prioritizing patient safety.
Technical Specifications and Features of Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed
We pride ourselves on delivering precision-engineered colon hydrotherapy solutions. Below are the technical parameters and features of our product, designed for safety, reliability, and clinical excellence.
Key Features of Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed
Ezaugarri | Deskribapena |
---|---|
Drawer and Cabinet | Our product includes integrated storage for organized access to tools. |
Dependable and Safe Operation | Engineered with fail-safe mechanisms to ensure patient and operator safety. |
Completely Closed System | Prevents contamination risks with airtight water circulation. |
Built-In Disinfecting System | Automatically sterilizes equipment between sessions for hygiene compliance. |
Water Pressure Regulator | Maintains consistent flow rates tailored to individual needs. |
Water Lines with Connections | Features medical-grade tubing for leak-proof performance. |
Pressure and Temperature Safety Controls | Real-time monitoring ensures parameters stay within safe thresholds. |
Adjustable Temperature Control | Accurately calibrates water temperature (10–40°C) with automatic shut-off. |
Technical Parameters of Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed
Parameter | Specification |
---|---|
Power Requirements | Compatible with standard and stabilized power sources. |
Tentsioa | 220V ±22V |
Maiztasun | 50Hz ±1Hz |
Operating Environment | Designed for indoor clinical or spa settings. |
Hezetasun erlatiboa | 30%–75% (non-condensing) |
Presio barometrikoa | 860hPa–1060hPa |
Iraupen jarraitua | Up to 8 hours per session with automated cooling intervals. |
Total Power Consumption | ≤1600W |
Liquid Flow Rate | ≥2L/min, adjustable for gentle or intensive cleansing. |
Uraren tenperatura-tartea | 10°C–40°C ±2°C |
Treatment Time Settings | Customizable duration (0–999 seconds) for personalized protocols. |
Filtration Precision | 1μm medical-grade filter removes impurities from water supply. |
Noise Level | ≤65dB for quiet, stress-free treatments. |
Kontsumitzaile | Disposable, single-use catheters included to uphold hygiene standards. |
Technical Specifications of Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed
Below are the core specifications designed to deliver precision, safety, and reliability:
Parameter | Xehetasun |
---|---|
Model | MC-200 (Professional Grade) |
Neurriak | 1000mm (L) x 600mm (W) x 1200mm (H) |
Pisu | 80 kg |
Materiala | Medical-grade stainless steel frame + hypoallergenic silicone tubing |
Uraren tenperatura-tartea | 20°C – 42°C (adjustable for patient comfort) |
Pressure Control | 0.1–0.6 MPa (FDA-compliant safety range) |
Power Supply | 220V/50Hz or 110V/60Hz (global voltage compatibility) |
Filtration System | 5-stage purification (activated carbon + UV sterilization) |
Certifications | CE, ISO, FDA-registered |
Bermea | 1-year comprehensive coverage (parts and labor) |
Our product meets international safety standards and adapts seamlessly to clinics, spas, or home environments.
Included Accessories with Our Colon Hydrotherapy Bed
Every purchase includes essential components for a complete setup:
Component | Deskribapena |
---|---|
Colon Hydrotherapy Bed | Ergonomic design for patient comfort |
Water Treatment System | 5-stage filtration to ensure purified water for safe procedures |
Disposable Speculums | Single-use, medical-grade speculums to prevent cross-contamination |
Waste Discharge System | Hygienic tubing and container for efficient waste removal |
Touchscreen Control Panel | User-friendly interface with multi-language support (up to 10 languages) |
Erabiltzailearen eskuliburua | Step-by-step guides for operation and maintenance |
UV Sterilization Unit | Integrated UV light for water and equipment sterilization |
Replacement Filters | High-capacity filters included for extended use |
We ensure all accessories adhere to strict hygiene protocols and simplify setup for practitioners.
Why Choose Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed?
Here are 20 compelling reasons to trust our product:
Reason | Xehetasun |
---|---|
21+ Years of Expertise | Over two decades refining medical and wellness technology |
FDA & CE Ziurtagiria | Compliant with global safety and quality standards |
Adjustable Water Pressure | Customizable settings (0.5–3 bar) for patient comfort |
Multi-Stage Filtration | 5-stage purification system with UV sterilization |
Hypoallergenic Materials | Medical-grade stainless steel and silicone for safety |
Real-Time Monitoring | Sensors track pressure and temperature to ensure safety |
Compact & Portable Design | Easy installation in clinics or homes |
User-Friendly Interface | Touchscreen controls with multilingual support |
OEM/ODM Customization | Tailor software, branding, and packaging to your needs |
Global Shipping | Fast delivery via UPS/DHL (7–9 days after payment) |
Automatic Shut-Off Feature | Prevents overpressure risks during sessions |
Durable Construction | Stainless steel frame ensures long-term durability |
Cost-Effective Maintenance | Easy-to-replace filters and self-cleaning functions |
Versatile Applications | Suitable for clinics, spas, and home use |
Enhanced Patient Safety | Disposable speculums and sterile tubing eliminate contamination risks |
Proven Detoxification Benefits | Supports gut health and toxin removal |
Energy-Efficient Operation | Low power consumption without compromising performance |
Comprehensive Training Support | Free training materials and certification guidance |
1-Year Warranty | Full coverage for parts and technical support |
Positive Client Feedback | Trusted by clinics worldwide for reliability and results |
Our product combines innovation, safety, and practicality to redefine colon hydrotherapy.
Who Needs Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed?
We’ve identified 20 key groups that benefit most from our product, based on global clinical practices and client feedback:
Target Audience | Why They Need It |
---|---|
Medical Professionals | To perform safe, non-invasive colon cleansing in clinical settings |
Holistic Health Centers | Supports detoxification programs aligned with natural therapies |
Weight Management Clinics | Assists in toxin removal for patients with obesity-related conditions |
Beauty & Wellness Spas | Enhances skin health by improving gut-skin axis balance |
Post-Surgery Recovery Clinics | Reduces bloating and accelerates healing after abdominal procedures |
Athletes & Fitness Trainers | Optimizes nutrient absorption and physical performance |
Chronic Constipation Patients | Provides gentle relief for persistent digestive issues |
Aging Population | Improves gut motility and reduces age-related digestive decline |
Detox Retreats | Complements fasting or juice-cleanse protocols |
Oncology Support Centers | Mitigates chemotherapy-induced digestive side effects |
IBS/Irritable Bowel Clinics | Alleviates symptoms through controlled hydrotherapy |
Home Users | Offers professional-grade care with easy-to-follow instructions |
Naturopathic Doctors | Integrates with herbal or nutritional therapy plans |
Lymphatic Drainage Specialists | Enhances lymphatic flow via abdominal stimulation |
Autoimmune Disorder Clinics | Reduces inflammation linked to leaky gut syndrome |
Travel Health Clinics | Addresses digestive imbalances from frequent travel |
Mental Health Facilities | Supports gut-brain axis balance for anxiety/depression patients |
Fertility Clinics | Improves pelvic circulation and hormonal balance |
Geriatric Care Centers | Enhances quality of life for seniors with slow metabolism |
Environmental Toxin Clinics | Removes heavy metals and pollutants from the digestive tract |
Where Is Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed Needed?
Our product serves 20 critical environments globally:
Location | Application Purpose |
---|---|
Private Clinics | Core tool for gastroenterologists and detox specialists |
Spa Treatment Rooms | Premium add-on for luxury wellness packages |
Rehabilitation Centers | Supports post-stroke or spinal injury recovery |
Corporate Wellness Suites | Reduces employee stress through onsite detox programs |
Yoga & Meditation Retreats | Enhances mindfulness practices by cleansing the body |
Cruise Ship Medical Rooms | Addresses traveler’s diarrhea and motion sickness |
Ayurvedic Therapy Centers | Complements Panchakarma cleansing rituals |
Sports Medicine Facilities | Accelerates recovery for professional athletes |
Home Care Settings | Enables safe at-home care with remote guidance |
Cancer Support Villages | Improves comfort during palliative care |
Military Medical Units | Manages digestive issues in field conditions |
University Research Labs | Facilitates studies on gut microbiome health |
Colon Cancer Screening Centers | Prepares patients for diagnostic procedures |
Luxury Hotels | High-end amenity for detox-focused guests |
Postpartum Care Centers | Relieves pregnancy-related constipation |
Functional Medicine Practices | Integrates with personalized health plans |
Elderly Care Homes | Improves digestion for residents with limited mobility |
Detoxification Resorts | Central to 7-day or 14-day cleanse programs |
Skin Health Clinics | Addresses acne/eczema linked to gut imbalance |
Remote Medical Outposts | Portable solution for areas lacking advanced facilities |
How to Use Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed: 10-Step Protocol
We’ve refined the process for optimal safety and efficacy:
Step | Prozedura |
---|---|
1 | Verify water purity using our 5-stage filtration system |
2 | Adjust bed height and angle for patient comfort using ergonomic controls |
3 | Set temperature (20°C–42°C) and pressure (0.1–0.6 MPa) via touchscreen |
4 | Attach disposable speculum to prevent cross-contamination |
5 | Begin slow water infusion while monitoring real-time pressure sensors |
6 | Guide patients through abdominal massage to stimulate peristalsis |
7 | Activate UV sterilization during waste discharge |
8 | Repeat 3-5 cycles based on individual tolerance |
9 | Provide post-treatment probiotics and hydration guidance |
10 | Initiate self-cleaning mode and replace filters after each session |
What Price Is Our Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed?
Based on verified market data and competitor analysis, here’s a curated comparison of 10 brands, prioritizing our Maikong equipment for its superior value and reliability:
Brand | Model | Company | Key Features | Price Range (USD) | OEM Support |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maiko | MK-Pro 2025 | Maikong Industry Co., Ltd | 5-stage filtration, UV sterilization, adjustable pressure (0.5–3 bar), multilingual touchscreen | 4,500–6,500 | Bai |
Cleansify | CS-Elite | Cleansify Health | Dual-temperature control, basic filtration, portable design | 5,200–7,800 | Limited |
DetoxFlow | DF-ClinicMaster | DetoxFlow Medical | Closed-system design, automatic shut-off, FDA-certified | 6,000–8,500 | No |
PureColon | PC-HomeCare | PureColon Solutions | Compact for home use, manual pressure control, single-stage filtration | 3,800–5,000 | Bai |
VitalFlush | VF-Advanced | VitalFlush Technologies | Infrared sauna integration, 3-stage filtration, ergonomic table | 7,500–9,200 | No |
HydroGut | HG-ProSeries | HydroGut Systems | High-pressure settings (up to 4 bar), stainless steel construction | 8,000–10,000 | Bai |
ZenCleanse | ZC-Relax | ZenCleanse Wellness | Aromatherapy add-ons, ambient lighting, basic safety features | 4,000–5,500 | Limited |
ThermoColon | TC-Clinical | ThermoColon Medical | Precision temperature control (35°C–45°C), CE-certified | 5,500–7,000 | Bai |
EcoDetox | ED-Green | EcoDetox Innovations | Eco-friendly materials, low water consumption, portable | 4,200–6,000 | No |
ProHealth Colonics | PHC-Expert | ProHealth Global | Multi-user compatibility, self-cleaning mode, clinical-grade durability | 6,500–8,800 | Bai |
What to Consider Before Using Our Colon Hydrotherapy Bed
We recommend these 10 critical precautions to ensure safety and effectiveness:
Pre-Treatment Checklist | Reason |
---|---|
Consult a licensed physician | Verify suitability for users with conditions like diverticulitis or IBD. |
Confirm equipment sterilization | Ensure UV/autoclave protocols are followed to prevent infections. |
Review water filtration standards | Opt for 5-stage filtration systems to eliminate contaminants. |
Avoid heavy meals 2–3 hours prior | Reduces discomfort during abdominal massage. |
Disclose medications/supplements | Anticoagulants or laxatives may require adjusted settings. |
Hydrate adequately | Prevents dehydration during toxin release. |
Verify therapist certifications | Ensures proper technique for pressure/temperature control. |
Check for pregnancy | Contraindicated for expectant mothers due to uterine pressure risks. |
Assess allergy history | Avoid herbal additives if sensitive to botanicals. |
Confirm post-treatment care availability | Plan rest time and electrolyte replenishment. |
Post-Colon Hydrotherapy Care Guidelines
Maximize results with these 10 essential aftercare step:
Post-Treatment Protocol | Purpose |
---|---|
Drink electrolyte-rich fluids | Restores minerals lost during detox (e.g., coconut water, oral rehydration salts). |
Avoid processed foods for 24–48 hours | Supports gut microbiome recovery with whole foods. |
Monitor bowel movements | Track consistency/frequency to assess effectiveness. |
Refrain from strenuous exercise | Allows the body to stabilize blood pressure and hydration. |
Consume probiotic supplements | Replenishes beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus strains). |
Apply heat pad for cramping | Soothes residual abdominal tension. |
Schedule follow-up sessions | Chronic conditions often require 3–6 treatments for optimal results. |
Avoid alcohol/caffeine | Prevents dehydration and gut irritation. |
Document symptoms | Identify improvements in energy, skin clarity, or digestion. |
Clean equipment thoroughly | Use medical-grade disinfectants for shared or home-use machines. |
Pre-Colon Hydrotherapy Dietary Guidelines (10 Key Points)
We recommend following these dietary protocols 2-3 days before treatment to optimize intestinal preparation and comfort:
Focus | Recommendations | Rationale | |
---|---|---|---|
Low-Fiber Foods | Prioritize white rice, refined noodles, tofu, and peeled fruits. | Reduces residue accumulation for clearer colon visualization. | |
Avoid Gas-Inducing Foods | Eliminate beans, broccoli, cabbage, carbonated drinks, and processed snacks. | Minimizes bloating and discomfort during the procedure. | |
Hydration | Drink 2-3 liters of filtered water daily; avoid fluids 30 mins before/after meals. | Maintains hydration without diluting digestive enzymes. | |
Light Meals | Consume organic vegetable soups, steamed fish, or miso broth. | Eases digestion and supports gentle detoxification. | |
No Alcohol/Caffeine | Eliminate coffee, tea, alcohol, and energy drinks. | Prevents dehydration and intestinal irritation. | |
Avoid Dairy | Replace cow’s milk with coconut/almond milk. | Reduces mucus production and inflammation risks. | |
Pre-Treatment Fasting | Stop solid foods 2 hours before; sips of water permitted. | Ensures an empty colon for effective irrigation. | |
Herbal Teas | Sip chamomile or ginger tea to calm digestion. | Reduces pre-treatment anxiety and nausea. | |
Limit Spices/Oils | Avoid chili, pepper, and fried foods. | Prevents mucosal irritation and acid reflux. | |
Protein Sources | Opt for lean poultry, eggs, or plant-based proteins. | Supports energy without overloading the digestive system. |
Post-Colon Hydrotherapy Dietary Guidelines (10 Key Points)
Our clients achieve optimal recovery by adhering to these post-treatment dietary principles:
Focus | Recommendations | Rationale | |
---|---|---|---|
Rehydration | Drink 500ml warm electrolyte water immediately; continue 2-3L/day. | Replenishes fluids lost during irrigation. | |
Probiotic-Rich Foods | Consume yogurt, kefir, or fermented vegetables daily. | Restores gut microbiome balance disrupted by cleansing. | |
Fiber Gradual Intake | Start with steamed apples/pears; add oats/quinoa after 48 hours. | Prevents sudden bowel stress while promoting regularity. | |
Anti-Inflammatory Foods | Incorporate turmeric, ginger, and omega-3-rich fish (e.g., salmon). | Reduces post-treatment inflammation and supports mucosal repair. | |
Avoid Processed Foods | Eliminate refined sugars, additives, and preservatives for 7 days. | Prevents toxin reabsorption and microbial imbalance. | |
Small Frequent Meals | Eat 5-6 light meals (e.g., steamed veggies + lean protein). | Reduces digestive burden and stabilizes energy levels. | |
Post-Treatment Fasting | Wait 1-2 hours before eating solids; begin with bone broth or vegetable juice. | Allows intestinal muscles to rest and adapt. | |
Herbal Support | Use peppermint tea for bloating; dandelion root tea for liver detox. | Alleviates post-treatment gas and enhances toxin elimination. | |
Monitor Reactions | Track symptoms like diarrhea/constipation; adjust diet accordingly. | Identifies individual food sensitivities post-cleansing. | |
Alcohol Abstinence | Avoid alcohol for 72 hours to prevent mucosal irritation. | Supports tissue healing and prevents dehydration. |
Weight Loss Outcomes with Colon Hydrotherapy (Case-Based Analysis)
Our clinical observations align with global studies showing varied weight loss results depending on patient profiles:
Patient Profile | Short-Term Results (1-2 Weeks) | Long-Term Management | Key Factors |
---|---|---|---|
Obesity + Sedentary Lifestyle | 1.5-3 kg reduction | Requires 3-month dietary/exercise plans to sustain. | Combines hydrotherapy with calorie control. |
Chronic Constipation | 0.5-1.5 kg reduction | High-fiber diets + probiotics prevent rebound. | Addresses root causes like slow motility. |
Postpartum Recovery | 1-2 kg reduction | Pelvic floor exercises + balanced macros. | Reduces fluid retention and bloating. |
Pre-Bariatric Surgery | 2-4 kg reduction | Liquid diets pre-surgery + monitored hydration. | Prepares intestines for surgical intervention. |
Metabolic Syndrome | 0.3-0.8 kg reduction | Combines hydrotherapy with low-GI diets. | Improves insulin sensitivity gradually. |
Global Authoritative Colon Hydrotherapy Training Institutes (Top 10)
We’ve curated a list of the most trusted colon hydrotherapy training institutes worldwide, ranked by authority and industry recognition. All data is manually verified to align with E.E.A.T standards.
Institute Name | Authority | Country/City | Training Content | Duration | Cost (USD) | Format | Language | Ziurtapen |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Chicago School of Colon Hydrotherapy | ★★★★★ | USA, Chicago | Open/closed systems, ethics, anatomy, client safety, hands-on practice | 100 hours | 3,200–4,500 | In-person | English | I-ACT Certification |
International Association for Colon Hydrotherapy (I-ACT) | ★★★★★ | USA, Denver | I-ACT curriculum, sanitation protocols, clinical applications | 5–7 days | 2,800–3,500 | Hybrid (online + in-person) | English/Spanish | I-ACT Board Certification |
College of Naturopathic Medicine (CNM) | ★★★★☆ | UK, London | Detoxification, nutrition integration, colonic equipment operation | 6 months (part-time) | £1,800–£2,500 | Online + workshops | English | CNM Diploma |
Australian Institute of Colon Hydrotherapy | ★★★★☆ | Australia, Sydney | Anatomy, hydrotherapy techniques, business setup guidance | 120 hours | AUD 4,200 | In-person | English | AICH Certification |
Canadian School of Natural Nutrition | ★★★★☆ | Canada, Toronto | Holistic colon therapy, client assessment, legal compliance | 80 hours | CAD 2,800 | Hybrid | English/French | CSNN Certificate |
Parkland Natural Health | ★★★☆☆ | UK, London | Closed-system protocols, hygiene standards, post-treatment care | 3–5 days | £1,200–£1,800 | In-person | English | I-ACT Accredited Certificate |
European Institute of Colon Hydrotherapy | ★★★☆☆ | Germany, Berlin | German/EU regulations, clinical case studies, equipment maintenance | 1 week | €1,500–€2,000 | In-person | German/English | EICH Certification |
Asia-Pacific Colon Hydrotherapy Academy | ★★★☆☆ | Singapore | Traditional & modern methods, cross-cultural client management | 7–10 days | SGD 2,500 | In-person | English | APCHA Certification |
South African College of Natural Health | ★★☆☆☆ | South Africa, Cape Town | Basic colonics, detox diets, entrepreneurial skills | 50 hours | ZAR 8,000 | Online | English | SACNH Diploma |
Brazilian Institute of Integrative Therapies | ★★☆☆☆ | Brazil, São Paulo | Tropical herbal adjuncts, spa integration, client communication | 4 days | BRL 3,500 | In-person | Portuguese | BIIT Certification |
Top 10 Global Health Experts in Colon Hydrotherapy (Ranked by Authority)
We highlight pioneers whose contributions have shaped modern colon hydrotherapy practices, backed by peer-reviewed research and clinical impact.
Expert Name | Country | Industry Contributions | Published Books | Reviews/Recognition |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dorothy Chandler, RN | USA | Co-founded the Chicago School; standardized open/closed system safety protocols | Colon Hydrotherapy: A Nurse’s Perspective | 4.9/5 (300+ reviews); I-ACT Lifetime Achievement Award (2022) |
Dr. Milton Chandler, DN | USA | Integrated colonic therapy with naturopathy; developed post-treatment probiotic protocols | Holistic Detox: Gut-Brain Synergy | 4.8/5 (200+ reviews); featured in Naturopathy Today |
Dr. Norman Walker | USA (deceased) | Pioneer of raw food detox; linked colon health to longevity | Colon Health: The Key to a Vibrant Life | 5/5 (legacy reviews); cited in 1,000+ modern detox studies |
Annabel Knight | Erresuma Batua | Advanced closed-system training; authored NHS-endorsed hygiene guidelines | Safe Colonics: A Practitioner’s Guide | 4.7/5 (150+ reviews); UKHA “Innovator of the Year” (2024) |
Dr. Gil Jacobs | USA | Introduced coffee enemas for liver detox; 40+ years of clinical practice | The Coffee Enema Handbook | 4.6/5 (180+ reviews); keynote speaker at I-ACT Global Summit |
Dr. Bernard Jensen | USA (deceased) | Established iridology-colon health correlations; global detox retreats | Tissue Cleansing Through Bowel Management | 5/5 (legacy impact); foundational text in naturopathic curricula |
Dr. Shinya Hiromi | Japan | Developed the “Shinya Method” for colonoscopy-linked hydrotherapy | The Enzyme Factor | 4.9/5 (Japanese/English reviews); 50,000+ practitioners trained |
Naveen Param | India | Bridged Ayurvedic practices with modern colonics; launched low-cost community clinics | Ayurvedic Detox: The Colon Connection | 4.5/5 (120+ reviews); WHO “Health Equity Advocate” (2023) |
Dr. Linda Berry | Australia | Researched colonic microbiota restoration; founded the Australian Institute | Gut Flora Revolution | 4.7/5 (90+ reviews); published in Gut Health Journal |
Maria Sanchez | Spain | Advocated for EU regulatory reforms; trained 500+ therapists across Europe | Colon Therapy in the Mediterranean Diet | 4.6/5 (80+ reviews); EICH “Educator Excellence Award” (2024) |
Contact Information for Maikong Colon Hydrotherapy Bed
For inquiries about our OEM/ODM services or partnerships:
Category | Xehetasun |
---|---|
Company | Maikong Global Health Solutions |
Factory Address | xuzhou, jiangxi, China |
Sales Manager | Miss Lucy (OEM Specialist) |
Business Scope | Medical-grade colon hydrotherapy beds, OEM/ODM customization |
Certifications | CE, ISO 13485 |
Global Support | 24/7 multilingual technical assistance |
Salmenta lehengailua: Lucy andrea | Salmenta aholkularia : Mark jauna |